Why Is Journalism Important Essay - 1409 Words

Why is journalism important? With the reference to the literature, critically assess the role of journalism in a democratic society. The responsibility of the awkward question has to be asked by someone and the journalist is the one who craves this duty. They are the ones who grab the challenge with both hands and seek for the truth. This is the essence of journalism and why it matters so much to free society. Its offerings of informative answers in plain English make it accessible to all. In a democracy where politicians believe their own spin and freely offer their viewpoint on current issues it is crucial for journalists to actively seek information and knock on closed doors to reveal what is really happening. However, this applies†¦show more content†¦Journalism is also required to scrutinise government and big business. In his book The Universal Journalist (2007) David Randell says that good reporters should: ...afflict the comfortable and scrutinise the action and inaction of governments, elected representatives and public services. In the case of government it is critical they are held to account f or their actions so that they are reminded of whos interests they are meant to represent. In many cases journalism applies restraints on government. By alerting people to various amendments and bills that are planned for discussion in the houses of government public opinion can be expressed in favour or opposition and limit the actions of those in power as well as dictate policy in many cases. This is one of the reasons that journalism is known as the Fourth Estate. Due to the power it wields the collective nature of journalists is ranked after the institutions of Lord Spiritual (Clergymen of the House of Lords), Lords Temporal (Life peers of the House of Lords) and Commons (MPs in the House of Commons). Lord Macaulay, a nineteenth century poet and politician, said on the matter: The gallery in which reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm. (Cole.P. 2005.) As many members of the public are not permitted, or just do not have the time to sit in Parliament, attend council meetings or listen to committee reports they must rely on the media to communicate the facts to them. Looking at business theShow MoreRelatedWhy Citizen Journalism Is Important1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthe newspaper. Professionals are also not the only people that can give us news. Citizen journalism is public amateur people collecting and reporting news and information (Wall, 2015). There are many risks and opportunities that comes with citizen journalism. This essay will describe these risks and opportunities in detail and will also discuss what compels a citizen journalist, why citizen journalism is important and how it is on a rise and continue to grow. There are risks such as going to dangerousRead MoreThe Informational Model Of Journalism Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages1. What are the drawbacks of the informational model of journalism? First, we may be producing too much information. With developments in media technology, we have created an â€Å"information glut† that makes news and information â€Å"a form of garbage.† Scientists, technicians, managers, and journalists pile up so much information that adds to problems and anxieties of everyday life. There is too much unchecked data and not enough thoughtful discussion. In addition, the amount of data that comes from mediaRead MoreReview of the Objective of Norm in American by Michael Schudson907 Words   |  4 PagesThe objective of norm in American, by Michael Schudson, explores how and why the objective norms developed in American journalism. 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First of all what was the content of the documents Wikileaks released and why is it such aRead MoreJournalism Has Significant Impact On Politics955 Words   |  4 PagesJournalism has significant impact on politics According to Wikipedia, â€Å"journalism is gathering, processing, and dissemination of news, and information related to news, to an audience. The word applies to the method of inquiring for news, the literary style which is used to disseminate it, and the activity (professional or not) of journalism.† In our daily life, journalism plays a very important role in spreading the news or information about any kind of topic. When journalists, reporters or writersRead MoreThe Censorship Of Yellow Journalism1588 Words   |  7 PagesYellow Journalism was a form of newspaper that told outrageous stories to catch the readers’ eye. Newspaper publishers William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer II used the form of journalism as a marketing campaign to get customers, in order to buy their newspapers. They include stories, drawings, and cartoons. Instead, the journal gave birth to modern-day investigative Journalism. It was during the 1890s, this newspaper would cause a war bet ween the United States and Spain. What would plungeRead MoreBiography of Maria Menounos1220 Words   |  5 Pagesit sounds exactly how the title puts it. Maria started her career at a very early age and has kept it going ever since. Her career never has a dull moment; she is always doing and reporting something interesting. While, her passion for Broadcast Journalism is very strong, she has also written a book called â€Å"The Every Girl’s Guide To Life†. This book had her career go even farther than imagined. In this book she writes about everything going on in her life and how she maintains it while, at the same

Effective Malaria Treatment In Tanzania Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

1 Introduction Malaria is a disease which is caused by mosquito bite on human organic structure. It threatens 1000s million people wellness in full Torrid Zones and semitropicss particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of malaria on the wellness and economic systems is immense. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Malaria Treatment In Tanzania Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this part over one million people die every twelvemonth because of malaria and most of them kids under the age of five. To contend this staggering job it have in recent old ages been on the docket for both affected provinces and international giver bureaus. Access to an effectual and prompt intervention for immature kids and pregnant adult females is regarded as really of import. The ACCESS programmes aim is to turn to jobs sing entree to effectual and prompt malaria intervention in rural Tanzania. The result of the work should ensue in proper steps to heighten the cognition of recognize symptoms, the demand of right intervention and increase the handiness of medical specialty and quality of supervising. The most vulnerable groups which are kids under the age of five and pregnant adult females is focused in the plan. The country in Tanzania that are included in the survey is the two territory of Kilombero and Ulanga in the south-east. The two territories is separated by the Kilombero River and forms the Kilombero Vally floodplain. The handiness to the Kilombero territory is by a largely unpaved route that are connected to the Tanzania-Zambia main road. To make the Ulanga territory with vehicles the solely connexion is a motorised ferry over Kolombero River. 2 Undertaking facts The population of the two territories in 2002 were 517000 and most people get their supports from farming. For most households the agriculture is done in distant Fieldss in the flood plains. A consequence of the distance to the Fieldss is that households are forced to travel to their agriculture sites during the cultivating period. They spend up to six months in the Fieldss and during this clip unrecorded under simple conditions and are more open to mosquito. The cultivating period coincides with the high malaria transmittal season and as a consequence of this malaria spreads widely and repeatedly during this period. Based on these facts the Ifakara Health and Research and Development Center along with the Swiss Tropical Institute has examined and implemented a batch of malaria control intercessions like insecticide-treated cyberspaces ( ITN ) . In add-on to that there are two chief attacks in the ACCESS intercessions. Through societal selling attacks by increasing the petition for right malaria diagnosing and intervention throughout the community With the aid of preparation, instruction, enhanced supportive supervising and new nosologies make the supply of quality malaria case-management stronger. To advance these attacks three chief countries of intercessions has been undertaken. Area1: Behavior alteration Sensitization of community leaders Social selling chiefly through route shows Particular runs in Mother and Child Health ( MCH ) clinics Improved entree for families passing the cultivation period off from place Area2: Improved quality of attention in wellness installations Area3: Improved malaria instance direction in drug merchandising stores 3 Issues of SD sing this undertaking In the ACCESS undertaking issues refering SD which are stated below can be found. These issues are besides described how they are included in the three countries of intercessions that are involved in the programme. Health attention Education Human demands Gender Equity Economic Capacity edifice 3.1 Area 1 Sing the different actions undertaken in the behaviour alteration attack SD issues like wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity. a ) Health attention Through these societal selling messages the people aware strongly the malaria symptoms and immediate intervention the right medical specialty and good protecting equipment like ITN and IPTp ( Intermittent Preventive Treatment in gestation ) . B ) Education Dramatic shows at the roads having about malaria disease. To do people effectual attending dance competitions were conducted. Theater shows portraying right intervention through function dramas were performed. Effectss of malaria were taught through public talk. Besides cinema show on malaria intervention was run. Feedback Sessionss at the terminal for better interactions. During the feedback session promotion-materials were distributed to the audience. Posters and hoardings were put up in small towns and along roads. degree Celsius ) Human needs The acknowledgment of the demand to heighten the cognition about malaria and the undertakings undertaken in this intercession country interrelate to human demands. vitamin D ) Gender Pregnant adult females and female parents of kids under the age of five and kids under the age of five are the mark group for the undertaking. vitamin E ) Equity The undertaking stresses the importance of people?s handiness to entree wellness attention. During the cultivation period people stay in the Fieldss and the handiness to medicate is poorer. 3.2 Area 2 For the undertaking to better quality of attention in wellness installations aspects like instruction, economic and wellness are dealt with. a ) Health attention In this intercession enhanced quality of attention was focused chiefly. Correct diagnosing with the counsel from Integrated direction of childhood unwellness ( IMCI ) algorithm and enhanced laboratory diagnosing. Ordering the right drugs and exact dose of antimalarials, febrifuges. Proper and right advice on how to forestall malaria and better intervention. B ) Education The wellness installation staff were trained on malaria intervention through initial refresher preparation. Routine supportive supervising was strengthened. Introducing quality direction strategy at all wellness installations. degree Celsius ) Economic The preparation which was based on IMCI algorithm has proved that it is cost effectual since it was done by agencies of coaction between the staffs and council wellness direction squads in rural Tanzania. In add-on to that they have introduced rapid diagnostic trial ( RDT ) an impracticable thought to microscopy which was one time once more proved to be cost effectual. vitamin D ) Capacity edifice There was a Joint venture between supportive supervising and quality direction in order to increase their capacity. 3.3 Area 3 This intercession which reference to better malaria instance direction in drug merchandising stores concern SD issues sing capacity edifice and instruction. a ) Capacity edifice Through the debut of Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets ( ADDO ) in the two territories the trade channels and entree to medical specialties and pharmaceutical services enhanced. B ) Education To beef up the consciousness and behaviour of ADDO proprietors of and the forces the undertaking have provided instruction. 3.4 The ecological, economic and societal facets In a undertaking like ACCESS which focal point is to analyse and better intervention and attention for a disease the ecological portion have a minor impact in the work in this instance. Social and economic demands for people is more critical. The SD issues that are stated earlier all have to interrelate for a successful result of a undertaking like this. The demand for worlds in the country to acquire keep to proper medical specialty and intervention is obvious and this emphasis the human demand. The chosen attack to better the cognition amongst people to acknowledge symptoms and the demand for prompt intervention for illustration links instruction and wellness together. As the chief mark group is pregnant adult females, immature female parents and kids under five this can be regarded as a gender affair that is interrelated in all issues. Even if the people know how to handle malaria and they have accessibility to anti-malarias they need to hold money to buy it. In the respect of regional, national and international interrelatedness of a undertaking like this it can be benchmark and applied in different topographic points and to other diseases 4 Issues of SD excluded in the undertaking Torahs Even the authorities has taken some enterprises to set about effectual malaria intervention it would be better if the authorities has introduce or do some regulations and ordinances. Environment One could sing the exposure to mosquito in the Fieldss as an environmental issue but no measurings within the undertaking is taken 4.1 Suggestions/feedback related to this undertaking Torahs For illustration the authorities can do a regulation like household card for the poorer 1s while the hapless 1s non able to entree the quality and effectual intervention. Family card meant for acquiring medical specialties at a cheaper rate aided by authorities Environment Within the undertakings framework some probe sing the exposure and how to minimise it could hold been performed. Possibly some information on how to protect yourself against mosquito could hold been provided. Possibly some bio-friendly pesticide could be used during the mosquito genteelness period to cut down the degree of exposure during the cultivation period. 5 Consequences The sensitisation of community leaders were rather successful in the facet of engagement. On mean 90 % of the invited attended these meetings. The route shows were besides by and large good attended. The work forces were nevertheless 2,2 times more likely to hold attended these shows although adult females and kids was the focal point group in the undertaking. The particular runs done in MCH clinics have up to the beginning of 2007 resulted in that about 28 % of adult females in generative age has attended such session. In Ulanga have 89 % of the wellness installations received training Sessionss to better the cognition and in Kilombero that figure is 93 % . The handiness to proper medical specialties has in the two territories increased through the ADDO programme. The quality of advice in these accredited stores has besides shown to be better than in an ordinary drug store. 6 Decision To reason, this undertaking which was done by Ifakara with the great support from Swiss Tropical Institute and ACCESS has widely used SD constructs in every intercessions. The premier focal point of the undertaking dealt with wellness attention of people refering to a developing state which is one of the major points discussed in every acme of developed and developing states related to SD. In footings of wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity there were actions taken in the intercession 1 and in footings of quality of attention in wellness installations sing instruction, economic and wellness there were actions in intercession 2.In intercession 3 the chief facet of SD was to develop i.e. educate the store keepers every bit good as the poorer people. In such a mode the SD constructs has been widely used and researched by the ACCESS programme I. From the results and experiences of ACCESS I the ACCESS plan has started the 2nd stage in May 2008 and its premier focal point was enhanced handiness to effectual malaria intervention for pregnant adult females, kids under the age of five and immature female parents. The Phase II continuance is similar to phase I and it is about 3 old ages. How to cite Effective Malaria Treatment In Tanzania Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Literature Review of Strategic Management In Non Profit Organization

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management In Non Profit Organization. Answer: Introduction Strategic managementis the process of identification and implementation of tactics by which managers of the organisation can achieve the aims and objectives. in order to reach the Strategicmanagement is important especially for the non-profit organizations as it serves to satisfy the stakeholders including donors, volunteers, executive directors, clients and staffs who are important and essential part of the success of the non-profits (Bryce, 2017). The strategicmanagement in non-profit organizations helps in continuous planning, controlling, assessment and analysis of all that is important operations of the business for achieving organizational goals and objectives of the company (Hill Jones, 2013). Methodology The method theta has been implemented to carry out the process of research is based on the topic. As the research is based on the systematic literature review the data that is gathered to reach the conclusion and answer the research question is all taken by the process of secondary data collection. It is the process by which the previous work of other authors and scholars are used to come to a conclusion, in this process the researcher is not going to base the findings and the result of the research on any new information. Systematic review is focused on addressing the issue by identifying, critically evaluating and integrating the result of all related studies. Google Scholar is a great platform to carry out this study. This is a service provided by Google where academic journal articles are found in form of PDF files. With the help of Keywords the researcher can find the previous work that has been done by other authors. The number of articles that is going to be used in the litera ture is in between 20-25 and the time period that has been selected to review the work is in between 2010-2017. As the topic that has been chosen is more theoretical the researcher will focus more on journals that have qualitative research more than quantitative. Literature Review Definition of non-profit organisation A non-profit organization (NPO) is a business entity whose aim and objective revolve around creating social value in the process of operation. The idea of NPOs is to develop and maintain a sustainable environment in the society by helping the people who are in need as well as focusing on the sections of the society that is being neglected (Weerawardena et al., 2010). On the other hand, according to Tabaku Mersini (2013), the nonprofit segment is usually addressed as the third sector, independent sector, voluntary sector, philanthropic sector, social sector, tax-exempt sector or the charitable sector. The similarities in between these definitions are that they both agree that the nonprofit is section that is focused on creation of value. The difference in the definition lies in the fact that the second definitions gives a more concrete idea about the sector and focuses on the aspects of the business. Definition of strategic management Formulation of a plan is different form creating a strategy the planning process comes after the strategy has been laid down. In a non-profit seeking organisation the operations of the business has a very different tone, as it is driven by values the strategies that are implemented by themanagement are also focused on the value creation (Anheier, 2014). According to Bao, (2015), it can be defined as the dynamic process of planning, observation, inspection and evaluation of the factors that is important for a business organisation. The two definitions explain the role and importance of strategic management. Formulation of a business model for non-profit organisation Developing a business model is regarded as one of the first step towards strategic management. According to Polonsky Grau (2011), it is essential to understand and map the organisation to carry forward the process of business operation. Identification of the source of finance is one of the important aspects of a business model in the non-profit sector. Resource allocation and persuasion are the next most important aspects that are focused by the non-profit seeking originations (Jungbok, 2015). Understanding the business environment A company is impacted by the internal as well as the external business environment. The internal environment is in the control of the organisation, on the other hand the external environment is not under the control of the company hence the company should be aware of the factors and formulate the management strategies accordingly (Domanski, 2011). Balanced Scorecard According to Hartnett Matan (2011), there can be a number of ways to evaluate the success the nonprofit as accomplishments of the organisation are focused from the perspective of the stakeholders. The tool that is used to measure the success is perspective with the help of BSC; the organisation can concentrate on determining and monitoring the cause and effect relationships between the important aims and have an accurate report on leading and lagging initiatives. This process will supply substantial evidence to form the decisions rather than guessing which fund raising campaigns, events and services are valuable to the stakeholders. Sundin et al., (2010), states that BSC has the ability to help the management of the companies with multiple objectives by applying systematic analysis of the objectives of the stakeholders and balancing it with the objective of the organisation by using the perceived cause and effect relationships between the aims and actions taken by a non-profit seeki ng organisation (Greiling, 2010). Resource Dependency Theory This theory states how external resources of an organisation impact the behavior of the organisation (Bryant Davis, 2012). As funds rising are one of the most important aspect of a non-profit organization external resource dependency theory is appropriate for the application in strategic management of a NPO (Velayutham et al., 2012). The theory recommends that the behavior of the company is directly impacted by the management of the organisation this dependency on an external resource like donated funds and gifts in kind. Voluntary financial support is not only the biggest concern of small scale organisation but also it is a major issue for the company which operates on a much larger scale both nationally and internally. Scherhag Boenigk (2013), conducted a study regarding the cultural treatment of a donor of the organisation with respect to communications in between the organizations and their donors or perspective people who could donate. The authors argue that the organizations in order to keep the funds following in the process of operation treat the wealthier and the most profitable donors in a superior manner so that they can build a strong value oriented relation and make the process of donation permanent. The dependency of the resources of a non-profit organisation is large in terms of the stakeholders of the company as well because they are the ones who create the process of resource accumulation and resource allocation in order to receive optimal operation. In the study conducted by Akingbola (2013), the author states that all organizations are heavily dependent on the human resource associated with the company. In order to smoothly operate and develop companies need to bank on some of the other aspects as well. The importance or the significance of the resource to the organization is determined by the authority and influence the factor that represents the resource has on the organisation. Influential and important stakeholders of the company are as sociated with the resources that are most important for the organisation. The significant factors based on this theory enjoy their influence based on a combination of factors regarding the resource they offer: the level of significance the resource provide for the organisation, the level of control the factor has on the distribution of the resource, and the level of switching cost of the resource (McDonald et al., 2015). Communication management Communication is essential for any company operating in any industry in order to deliver the message the company have for the various stakeholders. Depending on the nature of the business and the purpose of the message companies come up with a strategic communication management plan so that the messages are delivered to the right target at the tight time (Wiggill, 2011). The idea of strategic communication management is to align the communication process of the organization with the objectives and aims of the organisation. For a non-profit organisation one of the main aims is to develop a strong bond of mutual understanding with the stakeholders of the company who are responsible of the inflow of resources that in turn help in running the organisation. Wiggill(2011), argues that the lack of knowledge for an organisation is a bigger issue for a nonprofit organization when it comes to implementing the communication process. In order to effectively implement the communication strategies the company should be aware of the full potential of the company. According to Kong (2010), suggest that both informal and formal means have to be employed by a NOP so that the company can conduct a two-waycommunicationbetween the stakeholders. The devices can include organizational culture, missions, values, employee satisfaction surveys, and newsletters etc. The media that is chosen to communicate is dependent on the nature of the message and also on the direction of the message towards the particular stakeholder that that company is targeting to communicate with. If the selection of medium is wrong then the purpose or the meaning of the message has the chance to change Kong (2010). On the other hand, the authors Maxwell Carboni (2014), state strategic communication not only differs with the stakeholders but also changes with the network the company is dealing with. As this would ensure that the relationship in between all the stakeholders of the organisation have a strong bond with the organisation, it will also help the company gain in terms of resource as many customers who have no history of donation may be transferred into a donator. Skill development and training is essential for this model to work successfully especially the human resource and the other internal fact (Modi Mishra, 2010). Marketing concept Marketing mix is a concept in strategic management which is essential for any organisation. It is a tool that is used by the companies to plan and organize the present and future policies and formulate decisions to achieve the goals of the organisation. Mano, (2010) state that marketing for a non-profit organisation to meet the demands of the environment to combat or decrease uncertainty and sustain organisational performance to excellence. Because the performance measuresofNPO may impact on the diverse nature of the judgment. Therefore, planning and organisation must be implemented to suggest the relationship in between the performance and effect on the multiple factors of the company. NPOs do not operate on the standard business model hence the standard business marketing strategies are not suited to the complex, dynamic, volunteer- and community-oriented, mission-driven nature ofnon-profit organisation (Mano, 2010). Tabaku et al. (2013), states that CRM or cause-related marketing is a suitable supply ofproceeds for a not-for-profitorganizations. The cause of an organisation is aligned with the marketing tactics of the company which ensures that the people associated with the marketing process are always aware of the cause for which the company operates. Conclusion The organizations that operate in the third-sector are the beacon of sustainability and ethics in the business sector. The above concepts and definitions that are reviewed in the literature state the compatibility of the concepts with the non-profit organizations and state the importance of strategic management of the sector. As these organizations operate on a value based, voluntary service the companies have to implement the process in a very tactful manner. The nature of the organizations is such that the standard business strategies do not apply to the efficiency of the organization which makes it imperative to strategies the management. The business model will help the company identify with the changes in the in the environment and map possibilities of growth in the future along with deal with present opportunities. The BSC and the resource development theory digs deep into the operations suggesting ways and means the organizations may implement to develop a strategic management . References: Akingbola, K. (2013). A model of strategic nonprofit human resource management.Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,24(1), 214-240. Anheier, H. (2014).Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Bao, G. (2015). What theories are needed for strategic management?Nankai Business Review International,6(4), 433-454. Bryant, P., Davis, C. (2012). REGULATED CHANGE EFFECTS ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS: A LOOK AT AGENCY THEORY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCY THEORY. Bryce, H. J. (2017).Financial and strategic management for nonprofit organizations. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Domanski, J. (2011). The analysis and synthesis of strategic management research in the third sector from early 2000 through to mid-2009.Foundations of Management,3(2), 27. Greiling, D. (2010). Balanced scorecard implementation in german non-profit organization.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(6), 534-554. Hartnett, B., Matan, R. (2011).The Balanced Scorecard: A strategic tool for the nonprofitsector. Livingston, NJ: Sobel Co. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R. (2013).Strategic management theory. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Jungbok, H. (2015). Marketing strategies for nonprofit organizations.Advances in Management,8(10), 1-5. Kong, E. (2010). Analyzing BSC and IC's usefulness in nonprofit organizations. Mano, R. S. (2010). Marketing and performance evaluations in non-profit services.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(6), 555-570. Maxwell, S. P., Carboni, J. L. (2014). Stakeholder communication in service implementation networks: Expanding relationship management theory to the nonprofit sector through organizational network analysis. McDonald, R. E., Weerawardena, J., Madhavaram, S., Sullivan Mort, G. (2015). From "virtuous" to "pragmatic" pursuit of social mission.Management Research Review,38(9), 970-991. Modi, P., Mishra, D. (2010). Conceptualising market orientation in non-profit organization : Definition, performance, and preliminary construction of a scale.Journal of Marketing Management,26(5), 548. Polonsky, M., Grau, S. L. (2011). Assessing the social impact of charitable organizationsfour alternative approaches.International journal of nonprofit and voluntary sector marketing,16(2), 195-211. Scherhag, C., Boenigk, S. (2013). Different or equal treatment? Donor priority strategy and fundraising performance assessed by a propensity score matching study.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,23(4), 443-472. Sundin, H., Granlund, M., Brown, D. A. (2010). Balancing multiple competing objectives with a balanced scorecard.European Accounting Review,19(2), 203-246. Tabaku, E., Mersini (Zerellari), M. (2013). An overview of marketing means used by non-profit organizations: A detailed overview of NPOs operating in the district of elbasan.Journal of Marketing and Management,4(2), 78-95. Velayutham, C. M., PalanivelRV, AnbarasanR, SinthujaM. (2012). Human resource administration in relation to CEOs in not-for-profit organizations. Weerawardena, J., McDonald, R. E., Mort, G. S. (2010). Sustainability of nonprofit organizations: An empirical investigation.Journal of World Business,45(4), 346-356. Wiggill, M. N. (2011). Strategic communication management in the non-profit sector: A simplified model.

The Civil War Essays (4040 words) - United States,

The Civil War The Civil War was the most convulsive and significant war in American history. After the Constitution was adopted by all of the States in 1789, uniting the States into one nation, differences between the States had been worked out through compromises. By 1861 these differences between the Northern States, which included the Western States, and the Southern States had become so great that compromise would no longer work. Therefore, a conflict started within our nation that was called the Civil War. Although causes of the Civil War have long time been debated by historians, there are many reasons that are agreed on. For more than thirty years arguments between the North and South had been growing. One of these controversies was about taxes paid on goods brought into this country from foreign countries. This kind of tax is called a tariff. In 1828 Northerners helped get the Tariff Act passed. It raised the prices of manufactured products from Europe, which were sold mainly in the South. The purpose of the law was to encourage the South to buy the North's products. It angered the Southern people to have to pay more for the goods they wanted from Europe or pay more to get goods from the North. Either way the Southern people were forced to pay more because of the efforts of Northern businessmen. Though most of tariff laws had been changed by the time of the Civil War, the Southern people still remembered how they were treated by the Northern people. In the years before the Civil War the political power in the Federal Government, centered in Washington D.C., was changing. The Northern and Mid-Western States were becoming more powerful as the populations increased. The Southern States were losing political power. Just as the original thirteen colonies fought for their independence, the Southern States felt a growing need for freedom from the central Federal authority in Washington D.C. They felt that each State should make its own laws. This issue was called State's Rights. Some Southern States wanted to break away from the United States of America and govern themselves. (The Civil War Homepage) Probably the most emotional issue of the cause of the Civil War was over the issue of slavery. Farming was the South's main industry and cotton was the primary farm product. Not having the use of machines, it took a great amount of human labor to pick cotton. The people in the South needed more people (slaves) to work the cotton for them that is why large number of slaves were used in the South. Many slaves were also used to provide labor for the various household chores that needed to be done. Many Northerners thought that owning slaves was wrong, for any reason. Thus, the disagreement. Some of those Northerners loudly disagreed with the South's laws and beliefs concerning slavery. Except slavery had been a part of the Southern way of life for well over 200 years and they didnt want to give it up without a fight. The Constitution of the United States guaranteed the right to own property and protected against anyone taking their property. To them a slave was property. The people of t he Southern States did not like the Northern people telling them that owning slaves was a great wrong. A person either believes that slavery is right or that slavery is wrong, so how can two people arguing over this issue come to a compromise? (The American Civil War). Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860. He vowed that he would keep the country united and the new western territories would be free from slavery. Many Southerners were afraid that he would not sympathetic to their way of life and would not treat them fairly. South Carolina was the first State to separate from the United States soon after the election of Abraham Lincoln. Six other Southern States quickly followed and also left. These States joined together and formed a new nation, which they named the Confederate States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as their first president. On April 12, 1861 the Confederate States of America attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, which was held

Storytelling in Song of Solomon essays

Storytelling in Song of Solomon essays Storytelling is a way of communication, a way of relating the past to future generations of listeners. Storytelling plays an important role in Toni Morrisons novel, Song of Solomon, in that the protagonist, Milkman, is told a variety of stories by many of the characters. Each story influences him and gives him a different or additional view of his familys history, ultimately molding him into a person willing to give up the restrictions imposed upon him by his parents and allowing him to look forward into the future to find a way to fly. Macon, Milkmans father, tells him a story of the past-a tale about his mother, Ruth-in an attempt to show Milkman that Macon was justified in hitting her. Milkman is extremely troubled after he is told about his mother and begins wondering what else happened years earlier that is still affecting him (as it is Ruths fault he is called Milkman at all). Ruths story is similar in its intent, to bring Milkman on her side against his father, but Milkman rejects her story as he rejected his fathers. Both stories are told with self-serving intents on the parts of the storytellers, fabricated to sway Milkmans opinion rather than enlighten him. Pilates multiple stories about her youth are recounted to Milkman very differently from her brother Macons stories of the same time. Pilate tells Milkman of the death of her father in a musical, descriptive way, speaking of his flight five feet into the air when he was shot, then his return later on as an apparition; she does not know who killed her father or why-she doesnt even care to know. She speaks of the dark, of the woods, and of Circe. She gives Milkman an appreciation of the wonder the past can hold through her mysterious stories. Milkmans father, however, explains that his own father was killed because white men took advantage of his illiteracy. Macon Dead II ...

The 49ers and the California Gold Rush

The 49ers and the California Gold Rush The Gold Rush of 1849 was sparked by the discovery of gold in early 1848 in Californias  Sacramento Valley. Its impact on the history of the American West during the 19th century was immense. Over the next years, thousands of gold miners traveled to California to strike it rich, and, by the end of 1849, the population of California had swelled by more than 86,000 inhabitants. James Marshall and Sutters Mill The discovery of gold is attributed to James Marshall, who found flakes of gold in the American River while working for John Sutter at his ranch in northern California on January 24, 1848. Sutter was a pioneer who founded a colony he called Nueva Helvetia or New Switzerland. This would later become Sacramento. Marshall was the construction superintendent who had been hired to build a mill for Sutter. This place would enter American lore as Sutters Mill. The two men tried to keep the discovery quiet, but it was soon leaked and news quickly spread of the gold that could be found in the river. First Arrivals The first lucky arrivals- those who emptied out the California cities over the first few months- were able to find nuggets of gold in the stream beds. The American River and other nearby streams regularly gave up nuggets the size of pumpkin seeds, and many were as large as 7–8 ounces. These people made quick fortunes. It was a unique time in history where individuals with literally nothing to their name could become extremely wealthy. It is no surprise that gold fever hit so heavily. The individuals who became the richest were in fact not these early miners but were instead entrepreneurs who created businesses to support all of the prospectors. Sam Brannans store in Sutters Fort grossed more than $36,000 between May 1 and July 10th selling equipment- shovels, picks, knives, buckets, blankets, tents, frying pans, bowls, and any kind of shallow dish. Businesses sprang up to meet the essentials this mass of humanity would need in order to live. Some of these businesses are still around today, such as Levi Strauss and Wells Fargo. The 49ers Most of the treasure seekers outside of California left their homes in 1849, once word had spread across the nation, which is why these gold hunters were called by the name 49ers. Many of the 49ers themselves picked an appropriate name from Greek mythology: Argonauts. These Argonauts were in search of their own form of a magic golden fleece- wealth free for the taking. Yet the majority of those who made the long trek out West were not so lucky. It was hard work to get to Sutters Mill: California had no roads, no ferries at river crossings, no steamships, and there were no hotels or inns on the few trails that did exist. The trek was arduous for those who came over land. Many made their journey on foot or by wagon. It could sometimes take up to nine months to get to California. For the immigrants who came from across the ocean, San Francisco became the most popular port of call. In fact, after the early decimation, San Franciscos population exploded from about 800 in 1848 to over 50,000 in 1849. The individuals who made their way out West during the Gold Rush met with numerous hardships. After making the journey, they often found the work to be extremely hard with no guarantee of success. Further, the death rate was very high. According to Steve Wiegard, staff writer for the Sacramento Bee, one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months. Lawlessness and racism were rampant. Manifest Destiny An estimated 60,000–70,000 people rushed into an area that had not long before supported 6,000–7,000 Yaqi, Mayo, Seri, Pima and Opata Native Americans. The would-be miners came globally, but selectively: Mexicans and Chileans, Cantonese speakers from South China, African-Americans, French came in droves, but not Brazilians or Argentineans, not Africans, not people from Shanghai or Nanjing or Spain. Some Native Americans joined in the free-for-all but others fled the massive influx of people. The Gold Rush reinforced the idea of  Manifest Destiny, forever entwined with the legacy of President James K. Polk.  America was destined to span from Atlantic to Pacific, and the accidental discovery of gold made California an even more essential part of the picture. California was admitted as the 31st state of the Union in 1850. Fate of John Sutter But what happened to John Sutter? Did he become extremely wealthy? Lets look at his account. By this sudden discovery of the gold, all my great plans were destroyed. Had I succeeded for a few years before the gold was discovered, I would have been the richest citizen on the Pacific shore; but it had to be different. Instead of being rich, I am ruined.... Because of the United States Land Commission proceedings, Sutter was delayed in being awarded the title to the land which he had been given by the Mexican Government. He himself blamed the influence of squatters, people who immigrated to Sutters lands and took up residence. The Supreme Court eventually decided that parts of the title that he did have were invalid. He died in 1880, having fought for the rest of his life unsuccessfully for compensation. Resources and Further Reading Gold Rush Sesquicentennial. The Sacramento Bee, 1998.  Holliday, J. S. The World Rushed In: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.Johnson, Susan Lee. Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2000.  Stillson, Richard Thomas. Spreading the Word: A History of Information in the California Gold Rush. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.  Sutter, John A. The Discovery of Gold in California. The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Reprinted from Hutchings California Magazine, November 1857.

Drug Addiction Disorder & Group Therapy as Part of Recovery Dissertation

Drug Addiction Disorder & Group Therapy as Part of Recovery - Dissertation Example Doweiko has also discussed the problem of drug addiction and its therapeutic treatment in his famous book â€Å"Concepts of Chemical Dependency†. He has analyzed the problem among the adolescents and suggested the individual and group therapy for the cure from drug addiction disorder. He declares modern civilization and technological advancement as responsible for drug addiction among children. Detachment and distances between the family members, Doweiko estimates, force the young ones to seek the artificial and temporary support from chemicals and drugs. Furthermore, child abuse is one of the most significant causes of chemical codependency among adolescents. Moreover, decline, in the sound family ties and relationships, has also paved the way in this direction. As a family is the basic unit of a society and plays a primary role in nourishment and socialization of young generation, it is also responsible for the emotional uplift of the children. The decline in the family bond age and ignorance of religious practices, ethical values, and moral obligations, result in the deterioration of the youth of society. Doweiko has discussed the case of young Brittney, who got recovery from therapy. Brittney, a young girl of fourteen years only, had been very bright and graceful student at the school. It was surprising for the whole family when she was recommended by her teacher, to a rehabilitation program after being found the drug- user. She was referred to the Alateen, the rehabilitation institute that deals with the cure of adolescents consuming alcohol and other intoxication.  

White-Collar Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

White-Collar Crime - Assignment Example The aim of counterfeiting encompasses making profit unfairly off another company’s good reputation. White-collar crimes are not depended upon the application of threat of physical force or violence but involve deception, manipulation, subterfuge, concealment or violation of trust while the other crimes involve threatening the life of an individual directly or causing violence. According to my opinion, white-collar crimes should have face severe punishments than other types of crimes. This is because the result of white-collar crime is increased economic hardship for the normal citizen and consumer. Economic hardship in this case refers to both exploitation and even interferes with a certain state’s currency. Hence, increased cost passes onto the ordinary citizen or consumer in terms of hiked prices and decreased quality of services, for instance, software corporations. Imitating a certain company’s original software or goods, which it produces by these fraudsters mainly tarnishes long earned reputation. This is because consumer may start rating that firms very based on fake components in the market, which criminals have sold out to

Characteristics of Good Test Questions Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Good Test Questions Essay Here is the list of characteristics that you should follow when either writing or selecting interpretive exercise questions for use in Stage 2 of any curriculum planning. Examples of these characteristics and why they are important will be discussed in class. Interpretive exercise questions consist of a series of selective response items based on a common set of introductory material. The introductory material may be in the form of written materials, tables, charts, graphs, maps or pictures. These questions are the hardest to write, because you have to find novel introductory material related to your unit of instruction that works and is important. The reason for including this type of question in a unit test is that it gives students practice answering this type of question which is often used on standardized tests in science. Advantages: 1. Measure the ability to interpret the introductory material encountered in everyday situations. 2. Measure more complex learning outcomes than is possible with other forms of selected response items. 3. Minimizes the influence of a students’ lack of needed factual information on measurement of complex learning outcomes. 4. Greater structure than essay test. 5. A question type used in standardized tests. Students need to be familiar with this question type. Limitations: 1. Hard to construct: find materials that are new (novel) but relevant. Usually needs some editing. 2. Heavier demand on students’ reading skill. Keep reading level low, passage brief. In primary grades use more pictorial materials. 3. Cannot measure students’ overall approach to problem solving (doesn’t show work steps). 4. Only test problem-solving ability at the recognition level. Interpretive Exercise Guidelines: 1. Select introductory material that is in harmony with course outcomes. 2. Select introductory material that is appropriate to the curricular experience and reading level of the student. 3. Select introductory material that is new (novel) to the student. 4. Use introductory material that is brief, but meaningful. 5. Revise introductory material for clarity and conciseness for greater value. 6. Construct test items that require analysis and interpretation of the introductory material. 7. Make the number of test items roughly proportional to the length of the introductory material. 8. When constructing the test items use the guidelines given in the writing of selective response items.

Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: Misdirected Anger Depicted -- Toni Morris

Misdirected Anger Depicted in The Bluest Eye In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison shows that anger is healthy and that it is not something to be feared; those who are not able to get angry are the ones who suffer the most.   She criticizes Cholly, Polly, Claudia, Soaphead Church, the Mobile Girls, and Pecola because these blacks in her story wrongly place their anger on themselves, their own race, their family, or even God, instead of being angry at those they should have been angry at: whites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pecola Breedlove suffered the most because she was the result of having others' anger dumped on her, and she herself was unable to get angry.   When Geraldine yells at her to get out of her house, Pecola's eyes were fixed on the "pretty" lady and her "pretty" house.   Pecola does not stand up to Maureen Peal when she made fun of her for seeing her dad naked but instead lets Freida and Claudia fight for her.   Instead of getting mad at Mr. Yacobowski for looking down on her, she directed her anger toward the dandelions she once thought were beautiful.   However, "the anger will not hold"(50), and the feelings soon gave way to shame.   Pecola was the sad product of having others' anger placed on her:   "All of our waste we dumped on her and she absorbed.   And all of our beauty, which was hers first and which she gave to us"(205).   They felt beautiful next to her ugliness, wholesome next to her uncleanness, her poverty made them generous, her weakness made them strong, and her pain made them happier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Pecola's father, Cholly Breedlove, was caught as a teenager in a field with Darlene by two white men, "never did he once consider directing his hatred toward the hunters"(150), rather her directed his hatred towards... ...(than shame).   There is a sense of being in anger.   A reality of presence.   An awareness of worth"(50).   the blacks are not strong, only aggressive; they are not compassionate, only polite; they were not good, but well behaved; they substituted good grammar for intellect, and rearranged lies to make them truth(205).   Most of all, they faked love where felt powerless to hate, and destroyed what love they did have with anger.   Toni Morrison tells this story to show the sadness in the way that the blacks were compelled to place their anger on their own families and on their blackness instead of on whites who cause their misery.   Although they didn't know this, "The Thing to fear(and thus hate) was the Thing that made her beautiful, and not us"(74), whiteness.   Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. Afterward by Toni Morrison. New York: Penguin, 1994.

Don’t get me started on fast food restaurants

How could I start? Fast Food restaurants: Your one way train to all the marvellous maladies such as cancer, obesity and diabetes. Upon entering the restaurant, you are greeted by a so-called â€Å"happy, kind, caring† waiter who afterwards, decides to escape before you have a chance to place your order. After spending what seems like an eternity waiting for him, you are now free to await your meal for an equally lengthy and agitating period of time. Don't like the useless waiters- well the only other alternative is the exhausting queue. Enjoy! So, perhaps I should start with the staff: the group of people who make it all happen. Is it in the job description to be temperamental and uncooperative? I often suspect this to be the case. Moreover, that you must answer a phone call when the queue is at its longest during the rush hour when everyone is already late. Recently, I was made late for school due to the fact that the sloth â€Å"working†-behind the counter- decided to answer a phone call which lasted only fifteen minutes before attending to any of us : I left without my donuts and late. I was infuriated! It is fine for them-they are already at work; on the other hand the rest of us are late and annoyed. Due to this, I get extremely frustrated when the item you decide to buy shows up with a different value at the cashier than at the menu so they haggle to get you to pay the higher value which wastes even more time : All that for an extra 60p or so. How pathetic! Having battled your way through the queue, or waited ages for the waiter to take your order and get your food: You are now expected to sit down and enjoy your meal. I don't think. The next challenge you have to face is with everyone else in the restaurant: the â€Å"General public†. Why people choose restaurants to play loud, exasperating, annoying music to infuriate the dead and pop their own ear drums is beyond me. More than that, I wonder why people view restaurants as an ideal location to make the most pointless phone calls I have ever heard in my life. I will never know. However the â€Å"general public†, never seem to reach the high standards of infuriation that the young people aim to set. They are the members of this generation who seem to set it a target to annoy others! They're the ones who scare the elderly and think that an ASBO (Anti social behaviour order) is a good thing to go down your CV. The â€Å"Chavs†. Restaurants seem to be infested with them, which is partially the staff's fault for not taking strict action against them. It is becoming an increasingly hard task to find a restaurant without â€Å"chavs†; it is like trying to find a needle in a haystack-pretty much impossible. They are rude, imperious, riotous hooligans who freely leave behind their exotic, wide collection of litter which includes: Sticky chewing gum, Soft drink cans, cigarette butts and other delightful gifts for the next lucky customer to find. How thoughtful. Even more thoughtful of the staff to leave it festering there for weeks so other customers can experience the delight of sitting on littered seats- Lovely! Away from the annoying people and service, is the preposterous advertising that restaurants air. I challenge you to find a restaurant that doesn't air ads about how healthy its food is and that it makes up a good diet when in a matter of fact it isn't. Of course it is a good diet if you wish to live a life crippled with diseases! The food-high in sugar and fat- they sell is highly associated with the condition we all aim to reach: Obesity. Their ads exploit children through the promise of pathetic gimmicks and toys: They manipulate children and harness the power they possess; their â€Å"pestering power†! It seems that they brainwash children to become missionaries from Satan and give their parents horrible headaches until they finally give in and eat at the cursed restaurants. Despite all these reasons I mentioned, some still fail to see just how bad they are thus the restaurants still exist which proves how much of a nuisance they can be. They claim to provide outstanding service which I find unsatisfactory. They air lies, provide the worse service ever, allow complete hooligans to eat in their restaurants and recruit the worse staff possible. I believe that I represent the views of many people when I say that they are over-rated, over-priced and are a rip-off. If they expect us to eat at their restaurants then they must address these pressing issues! Until that happens I'm afraid that more and more people will revert to eating at home instead of at fast food restaurants. As someone who has to have food on the go, I must say I do not blame them- these restaurants need to clean up their act.

Future of the New York Times

The Future of the New York Times In my opinion there should not be a â€Å"trade-off between the company philosophy and the core goals of sustainability, profitability, and growth†. The goal of any company and organization is to survive. Companies and organizations create mission statements and set forth goals. Pearce and Robinson (2013) states â€Å"the unique purpose that sets a company apart from others of its type and identifies the scope of its operations in product, market, and technology terms† (pg. 3). The mission statement or philosophy that is a distinguishing factor of differences between companies, helping to set for the company’s operations and ethics for their products, as well as for their place in the market, as well as in the community. With the New York Times, the message given (mission) is to deliver responsive and accurate â€Å"journalism† to their customers, as well as to areas outside of New York.The New York Times has lived up to it s mission, by adhering to its ideals; the New York Times has foregone being profitable, as well as sacrificing growth. In the article we read,† The constancy of their commitment to high-cost journalism has put the Sulzberger family in an increasingly contrarian position†¦the Sulzberger’s have subsidized the Times in valuing good journalism and the prestige it confers over profits and the wealth it creates†¦for much of its history, the Times barely broke even† (Bianco, 2005, p. 65).How a company image is portrayed to the world is a crucial factor and element of their values, ethical standards, mission and goals. The New York Times, without the Sulzberger’s wealth, would have failed years ago with its current stated mission and goals. The New York Times needs to take a step back and examine where they started, where they have been, where they are now and where they want to go, as well at taking a good look at today’s world and begin to benchm ark their competitors and creating a new vision for the New York Times.The Sulzberger’s and Bill Keller are giving the impression that they are endeavoring to changes in order and moving away from their belief â€Å"that quality journalism pays in the long run† (Bianco, 2005), it’s hard to change 100 plus years of business strategy. In all companies, not just the New York Times, the image portrayed is important and may also determine a company’s credibility, as well as its future. The value system, including its mission and goals will set the direction of the company.The ethic’s which are portrayed daily need to be consistent with the direction that the company has set from the top (President & CEO and Board of Directors) on down to each and every employee. Years of hard work in preserving a company’s image and place in the community can be lost in a single failure or lack of foresight. References Bianco, A. , Rossant, J. , & Gard, L. (2005) . The future of the new york times. Businessweek, 3916, 64-72. Pearce, J. A. , & Robinson, R. B. (2013). Strategic

Juvenile Delinquency Criminological Theories

Juvenile Delinquency Criminological Theories Introduction The purpose of this paper is to explain juvenile delinquency using three criminological theories. These include the broken windows theory, the culture of the gang theory and the social disorganization theory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Delinquency: Criminological Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Criminological Theories Shaw and McKay (1942, pp. 89-102) developed the social disorganization theory, which explains crime in terms neighborhood dynamics. According to Shaw and McKay (1942, pp. 89-102), socio-economically deprived neighborhoods are socially disorganized. This is because such neighborhoods are characterized with ethnic heterogeneity, low economic achievements, and high residential mobility. These factors negatively affect the informal and formal institutions of social control such as schools, family, and churches. As a result, regulation of behavior declines and juvenile de linquency increases (Gary, 2003, pp. 10-25). Socially disorganized neighborhoods also promote the development of criminal traditions, which are easily passed from generation to generation of youths. In this case, young people learn pro-delinquent attitudes through regular interactions with older juveniles. Thus, juvenile delinquency rates will be high in areas where behavior control mechanisms are lacking and the transmission of delinquent values is high. Wilson and Kelling (1982, pp. 29-38) developed the broken windows theory to explain crime and juvenile delinquency. The theory compares communities to houses whose windows are broken over time. Houses whose broken windows are repaired immediately send the message that the owners are in charge and are likely to avert future attempts to break the windows. By contrast, houses whose broken windows are unattended to give the impression that no one is in charge, thereby encouraging vandals to break more windows. In this regard, juvenile delinquency is likely to be high in communities with weak or no social controls. Wilson and Kelling (1982, pp. 29-38) assert that juvenile delinquency rate is likely to increase if minor misconducts are allowed to evolve into serious crime. This gives the impression that there are no formal or informal social control systems to regulate the behavior of individuals. Ultimately, delinquent youths will flock in areas with no social order, whereas responsible and disciplined people will relocate to areas with low crime rates. This explains the difference in the level of juvenile delinquency in different cities or communities.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cohen (1955, pp. 173-177) developed the culture of the gang theory to explain the origin of juvenile delinquency. According to Cohen (1955, pp. 173-177), goal blockage is the main cause of juvenile delinquency. In particula r, the youth aspire to become members of the middle class in their communities. However, when they fail to achieve this objective or aspiration through legal or illegal means, they tend to create achievable alternative status systems. This involves adopting values that are opposed to conventional value systems. Concisely, the youth who are not able to achieve the middle class status or any other goal are likely to engage in juvenile delinquency as a means to achieve an alternative status. Conclusion The social disorganization theory and the broken windows theory suggest that juvenile delinquency is caused by lack of social control mechanisms. This can be illustrated by the high juvenile delinquency rates in communities with weak control institutions such as the police, schools, and family. The culture of the gang theory, on the other hand, suggests that the youth will adopt non-conventional values and engage in crime if they are not able to achieve their goals. References Cohen, A. (1955). Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. New York, NY: Free Press. Gary, J. (2003). Social disorganization theory. New York, NY: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. Shaw, C., McKay, H. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago, CH: University of Chicago Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Delinquency: Criminological Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wilson, J., Kelling, G. (1982, March 1). Broken windows. Atlantic Monthly, 249(3), pp. 29-38.

Definition and Examples of Epiplexis

Definition and Examples of Epiplexis In rhetoric, epiplexis is an interrogative figure of speech in which questions  are asked in order to rebuke or reproach rather than to elicit answers. Adjective:  epiplectic. Also known as  epitimesis and percontatio. In a broader sense, epiplexis is a form of argument in which a speaker attempts to shame an opponent into adopting a particular point of view. Epiplexis, says  Brett Zimmerman, is clearly a device of vehemence. . . . Of the four kinds of rhetorical questions [epiplexis, erotesis, hypophora, and ratiocinatio] . . ., perhaps epiplexis is the most devastating because it is used not to elicit information but to reproach, rebuke, upbraid (Edgar Allan Poe: Rhetoric and Style, 2005). Etymology From the Greek, strike at, rebuke Examples and Observations Epiplexis a more specific form of [a rhetorical question] where a lament or an insult is asked as a question. Whats the point? Why go on? Whats a girl to do? How could you? What makes your heart so hard? When, in the Bible, Job asks: Why died I not from the womb?  why did I not give up the ghost when I came out of the belly? its not a real question. Its epiplexis. Epiplexis is the puzzled grief of Why, God? Why? in Miss Saigon; or it is the bemused disdain in the film Heathers that  prompts the question: Did you have a brain tumor for breakfast?(Mark Forsyth,  The Elements of Eloquence: Secrets of the Perfect Turn of Phrase.  Penguin, 2013)Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You have done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?(Joseph Welch to Senator Joseph McCarthy at the Army-McCarthy Hearings, June 9, 1954)Are we children of a lesser God? Is an Israeli teardrop worth more than a drop of Lebanese blood?†(Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, July 2006) O how little a thing is all the greatness of man, and through how false glasses doth he make shift to multiply it, and magnifie it to himselfe?(John Donne, Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, 1624)You think what I do is playing God, but you presume you know what God wants. Do you think thats not playing God?(John Irving, The Cider House Rules, 1985)Ah, sorry to interrupt you there, Bobbo, but I gotta ask you a quick question. Now, when you were born, nay, spawned by the Dark Prince himself, did that rat bastard forget to give you a hug before he sent you along your way?(Dr. Cox in the television program Scrubs, 2007)Canst thou with impious obloquy condemnThe just Decree of God, pronounct and sworn,That to his only Son by right endudWith Regal Scepter, every Soule in HeavnShall bend the knee, and in that honour dueConfess him rightful King?(Abdiel addressing Satan in Paradise Lost by John Milton) Epiplexis in a Restaurant Review Guy Fieri, have you eaten at your new restaurant in Times Square? Have you pulled up one of the 500 seats at Guy’s American Kitchen Bar and ordered a meal? Did you eat the food? Did it live up to your expectations?   Did panic grip your soul as you stared into the whirling hypno wheel of the menu, where adjectives and nouns spin in a crazy vortex? When you saw the burger described as Guy’s Pat LaFrieda custom blend, all-natural Creekstone Farm Black Angus beef patty, LTOP (lettuce, tomato, onion pickle), SMC (super-melty-cheese) and a slathering of Donkey Sauce on garlic-buttered brioche, did your mind touch the void for a minute? . . .How did nachos, one of the hardest dishes in the American canon to mess up, turn out so deeply unlovable? Why augment tortilla chips with fried lasagna noodles that taste like nothing except oil? Why not bury those chips under a properly hot and filling layer of melted cheese and jalapeà ±os instead of dribbling them with thin needle s of pepperoni and cold gray clots of ground turkey? . . .Somewhere within the yawning, three-level interior of Guy’s American Kitchen Bar, is there a long refrigerated tunnel that servers have to pass through to make sure that the French fries, already limp and oil-sogged, are also served cold?(Pete Wells, As Not Seen on TV.   The New York Times, November 13, 2012)   Epiplexis in Shakespeares Hamlet Have you eyes?Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed,And batten on this moor? Ha! have you eyes?You cannot call it love; for at your age The heyday in the blood is tame, its humble,And waits upon the judgment: and what judgmentWould step from this to this? Sense, sure, you have,Else could you not have motion; but sure, that senseIs apoplexd; for madness would not err,Nor sense to ecstasy was neer so thralldBut it reserved some quantity of choice,To serve in such a difference. What devil wastThat thus hath cozend you at hoodman-blind?Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight,Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all,Or but a sickly part of one true senseCould not so mope.O shame! where is thy blush?(Prince Hamlet addressing his mother, the Queen, in Hamlet by William Shakespeare) ​​The Lighter Side of Epiplexis Whats with you, kid? You think the death of Sammy Davis left an opening in the Rat Pack?(Dan Hedaya as Mel in Clueless, 1995)Does Barry Manilow know  that you raid his wardrobe?†(Judd Nelson as John Bender in The Breakfast Club, 1985)Have you no shame, coming in as Gandhi and stuffing yourself with Buffalo wings? Why didnt you come as FDR and go around with crazy legs?(George Segal as Jack Gallow in Halloween, Halloween.  Just Shoot Me!  2002)

Should a Muslim center be built near ground zero Essay

Should a Muslim center be built near ground zero - Essay Example The proponents of the proposed development on the other hand have argued the Islamic center will not touch not even an inch of where the twin towers stood, and upon completion, the Islamic center that comprises of Swimming pool, libraries, basketball court, day-care facility, auditorium, cooking school and a restaurant will be accessible to all and not only Muslims. No one can dispute that America is a land where freedom of worship is one of the country’s founding principle. The fact remains that, on dealing with a proposed a mosque near ground zero, a lot factors must be considered, as this is not just any other ordinary mosque to be built in another ordinary location. Opponents The memories of September 11, terrorist attacks will forever be held in American’s hearts and especially to the hearts of the Americans’ who lost their beloved ones. The ground zero symbolized America’s commitment of ensuring the same thing does not happen in the future by waging a war on Islamic extremists. Hence by building an Islamic center near the ground zero will not only be tantamount to conceding ground to the extremist but also opening up fresh wounds suffered by friends and families of the September 11, terrorist attacks. Ground zero is the only cemetery friends and family members have of the victims that perished in the terror attacks, as they did not get the opportunity to bury their loved ones let alone seeing their bodies. Establishing a shopping center near ground zero will be sacrilege while developing a mosque near ground zero will be regarded as abomination. According to Islamic traditions, monuments are built as a remembrance of great victories achieved. A mosque in one way or the other symbolizes victory to Allah. This brings into focus the perspective that the mosque is built to acknowledge triumph of the Islamic terrorists of September 11. To add salt to the injury the leader of the Hamas group, a Palestinian terrorist group has openly declared his support to the development of the mosque near ground zero. The fact remains that, if the project is meant to promote harmony among the various denominations of religions, the best idea is that should be built in a way that the various religions can access it and hold their respective services instead of the current scenario where one religion is entitled to hold its service while the rest of the community can use the social amenities. One thing that should remain clear is that the proposed mosque near ground zero should not be painted as choice between close-minded bigotry and freedom of religion. Proponents In his celebration of the holy month of Ramadan, president Obama was full of praise for the proposed plans to develop a mosque two blocks away from ground zero. In his support, the president retaliated that the foundations upon which the religious freedom is built on should remain firm and unshakable, as this was one of the writs of America’s founders (D†™Souza 202). Denying the American Muslims their right to build a mosque in their preferred place of choice, will tantamount to playing into the wicked thinking of our enemies’ way of life. By rejecting the proposed mosque, America will be handling victory to the terrorists that planned the September 11 terrorist attacks by letting